Digital Media Technology Information Society

Question: Depict about the Digital Media Technology of Information Society. Answer: 1: Habits in electronic world speaks to what conduct is socially commendable in an on the web or propelled situation. While etiquette is ingrained into society, conduct in advancement is a truly late thought. The measures of conduct that apply when granting over the Internet or casual networks or devices are not equivalent to those applying when passing on in individual or by sound, (for instance, telephone) or videophone, (for instance, Skype video). It is a social code of framework correspondence. Ordinary rules for electronic sends notwithstanding Usenet, for instance, keeping up a key good ways from fire wars alongside spam is steady transversely over most mediums and gatherings. Another fundamental is to keep away from writing in all tops or terribly growing content for highlight, which is believed to be what, should be called shouting or hollering. Other normally shared centers, for instance, recalling that one's posts are (or can without a very remarkable stretch be made) open, a re all things considered normally understood by distributers of Web pages and blurbs to Usenet, disregarding the way that this principle is somewhat versatile depending upon the earth(Berleur, 2010). 2: Extraordinary correspondence is indispensable for the general prosperity of your business. Inside and external formed and oral correspondence addresses the degree of cleaned procedure in your association. Uncouth business correspondence can hurt client associations, lower soul among agents and antagonistically impact your association's reputation. Clarify governs in creating for delegates on what is reasonable and expected in a wide range of correspondence to avoid the aftereffects of terrible correspondence. There are different sorts of correspondence which are viewed as unsuitable some of them are recorded underneath: Email Composed correspondence Telephonic correspondence Correspondence over internet based life Correspondence by means of sending instant messages This kind of correspondence is viewed as unsatisfactory on the grounds that the vast majority of the miscommunication happens when this sorts of correspondence takes place(Yergensen, 2007). 3: Correspondence in web based systems administration may be hazardous for relationship and association. For example, if people use correspondence applications antagonistically, for instance, posting damaging, opposing words against people, they are spreading hatred and threatening vibe between others that also contributed in breaking various associations around the world. Also, to the extent associations, a couple of individuals are so rude in web based systems administration considering the way that they can cover their authentic names and post anything they need in order to fiendishness others, the issue is that they are doing this for simply fun and that happens especially between adolescents (Burke, 2016). Furthermore, a couple of individuals can misdirect others in web based systems administration, for example, they are imagining that they really think about it or love others especially between youngers just to get advantage from them and they can without a very remarkable stretch constrain them which it contributes additionally to break various associations around the world and lose trust in online networking(Page, 2014). References Berleur, J. J., 2010. What Kind of Information Society? Administration, Virtuality, Surveillance, Sustainability,. shown ed. s.l.:Springer Science Business Media. Burke, R. J., 2016. Corporate Reputation: Managing Opportunities and Threats. s.l.:CRC Press. Page, R., 2014. Exploring Language and Social Media: A Student Guide. s.l.:Routledge. Yergensen, B., 2007. The Rhetorical Interlude: Examining Key Film Speeches in Cultural/Historical Context. Diary of the Communication Speech Theater Association of North Dakota, 20(7), pp. 1-86.

Mainframe/Pc Evolution Free Essays

Centralized computer/PC Evolution The development of centralized computer processing to individualized computing started with the innovation of the centralized server for organizations and government use. The Personal Computer (PC) advanced from organizations needing a similar data from downsized variant of the centralized computer and imbecilic terminal. Despite the fact that the two of them comprise of information stockpiling, processors, information and yield gadgets. We will compose a custom article test on Centralized computer/Pc Evolution or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Be that as it may, they have their disparities. Centralized computers The centralized server was created in the 1950’s. One of the principal centralized computers was the Univac 1, which was conveyed to the Census Bureau in 1952. It estimated 25-feet by 50-feet and had a capacity limit of 1000 words or 12,000 characters (Lexikon Services, 1982). During the 1970s the centralized computer changed with the improvement of UNIX working framework (Rogers, 2010). A centralized server as per Vaughan (n. d. ), â€Å"A centralized computer is a persistently developing universally useful processing stage fusing in it engineering definition the basic usefulness required by its objective applications† (standard. 5). The Mainframe is a multi-client information stockpiling and application figuring framework. Centralized computer frameworks can be a solitary centralized computer unit or various centralized computer units, contingent upon the quantity of clients and utilizations, it is required for. Data is entered in on a moronic terminal or workstation. The centralized server can be in a similar room or in another room and even on an alternate floor. The centralized server is known for its unwavering quality and why organizations are eager to spend the a large portion of a-million dollars or more for them. Centralized computers have quick transport speeds, high reserve speeds, blunder location, and mistake adjustment (Rogers, 2010). PCs One of the primary PCs to be viewed as a Personal Computer was the IBM PC in 1981. Others were concocted from 1955. It comprised of a screen, console, and work area base with diskette drives. It gauged 28 pounds. Organizations were searching for an approach to down-scale and cut the expense of the centralized server framework. The Personal Computer, as per Whatis. com is a â€Å"microcomputer intended for use by one individual at a time† (TechTarget, 2008, standard. 1). In today’s terms it comprise of a showcase unit, console, mouse, tower or work area that comprises of a hard drive, memory, processors, mother board, and other equipment to do its capacities as a microcomputer. The expense of a Personal Computer has gotten reasonable throughout the years for a person to buy for home use just as organization use. The utilization of a PC differs in that it is utilized for organization business, home figuring, gaming, and has different open doors for an individual processing needs. The PC has changed the manner in which individuals work together, take care of their tabs, engage themselves, and impart. The PC can process information, run projects and applications, become a database, and can be organized into different PC’s and centralized servers. The Personal Computer makes it simpler for littler organizations to accomplish what bigger organizations can do with centralized servers. Pc’s can be organized together can have a similar data, store data, and work proficiently. The hand held PC accommodates registering versatility, which accommodates greater profitability. PC and Mainframe Comparison The centralized server is an enormous, solid, multi-client figuring framework costing a great many dollars. On the off chance that a centralized server has any vacation, the entire framework and clients can't work. The PC is a little, reasonable, and single client microcomputer that an individual can purchase. It very well may be utilized for business and home processing. It has likenesses to the centralized server; show unit, console, processor, memory, data stockpiling, and working frameworks. Differences â€Å"Mainframe working frameworks are planned essentially to upgrade usage of equipment. (PC) working frameworks bolster complex games, business applications, and everything in between† (Silbershcatz, Galvin, Gagne, 2009). The centralized server is more expensive than a PC. Nonetheless, it is more solid than the PC. The centralized computer can process data a lot quicker than a PC. It additionally has quicker transport speeds and higher store speeds. The equipment in a centralized server has mistake identification and blunder adjustment for less personal time (Rogers, 2010). The PC is littler, less expensive, and a solitary client PC framework. Its uses incorporate home, business, and amusement purposes. The PC framework is can without much of a stretch be moved by one individual, the Mainframe framework takes numerous individuals to move it. End The centralized computer cleared a path for the PC. In an enormous business setting a centralized server would merit the cost. The PC is proceeding to develop and is decreasing and more developed as innovation progresses. Despite the fact that they have their disparities, every fill it need in today’s society. References Blinkenlights Archeological Institute. (1999-2007). Pop Quiz: What was the principal PC? Recovered November 26, 2011from http://www. blinkenlights. com/pc. shtml Lexikon Services. (1982-2000). UNIVAC 1 (1951) First Commercially Available Computer. Recovered November 26, 2011 from http://www. computermuseum. li/Testpage/UNIVAC-1-FullView-A. htm Rogers, S. (2010). Examination and Contrast Between Mainframes and PC’s. Recovered November 26, 2011 from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/5884114/comparison_and_contrast_between_mainframes. html? cat=15 Silbershcatz, A. , Galvin, P. B. , Gagne, G. (2009). Working System Concepts (eighth ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Inc. TechTarget. (2008). Whatis. com. Recovered November 26, 2011 from http://whatis. techtarget. com/definition/0,,sid9_gci214279,00. html Vaughan, L. H. (n. d. ). What is a â€Å"Mainframe†. Recovered November 26, 2011 from http://www. centralized computers. com/whatis. htm Step by step instructions to refer to Mainframe/Pc Evolution, Papers

Humane Studies Fellowships COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Humane Studies Fellowships COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Our office was recently made aware of a fellowship opportunity that may apply to some of our applicants.   The description and contact information are below.   Good luck! Institute for Humane Studies Humane Studies Fellowships are awarded by the Institute for Humane Studies (IHS) to students interested in exploring the principles, practices, and institutions necessary for a free society through their academic work. IHS began the program in 1983 as the Claude R. Lambe Fellowships and in 2009 awarded more than 165 fellowships ranging from $2,000 to $12,000. IHS considers applications from those who will be full-time graduate students, including law and journalism students, or undergraduate juniors or seniors during the 2010-11 academic year and who have a clearly demonstrated research interest in the intellectual and institutional foundations of a free society. The application deadline is December 31st.   For more information on this program, click here.

Italian Verbs Organizzare Conjugations

Teen Dating Violence and Social Media - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 998 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Social Media Essay Did you like this example? Teen dating violence remains a widespread social problem in the United States with lasting impact on those who experience it. A national survey of in-school youth grades 9-12 found that 8% of those in dating relationships or who had gone out with someone had experienced physical and 7% had experienced sexual dating violence (Kahn, 2018). An earlier study, which included other dimensions of dating abuse, found that 30% of 7th to 12th graders had experienced psychological dating abuse in the previous 18 months. (Halpern 2001). Adolescents who experience dating violence are more likely to x,y,z. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Teen Dating Violence and Social Media" essay for you Create order Scholars in recent years have begun to examine the intersection between the rise in electronic communications and adolescent dating violence (citations). Some argue that increased access to and use of personal electronic devices have changed the very dynamic of teen relationships (Subrhamanyam and Greenfield, 2008), making them more susceptible to a new forms of dating violence (King-Ryes). One study found that among 3,745 youth who were dating or in a relationship, 26% had experienced some form of cyber dating abuse (Zweig 2014). Several scholars have looked to Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1977) to explain dating violence (Shorey, 2008; Branley and Covey, 2017; Temple et all, 2016, Branley). Social Learning Theory posits that ones behavior, values, and attitudes emerge through observation and imitation and are reinforced (positively or negatively) through ones environment. Since it does not rely on actual experience, modeling behavior from mass media [or electronic communications] has the potential for much broader influence on behaviors (Bandura 2001). This review seeks to understand, within the context of social learning theory, how electronic media use influence youth attitudes and behaviors around dating violence in real world (i.e. non-internet) settings. With unprecedented rates of electronic media use among youth (Anderson) and the prevalence of psychological and emotional violence in this new, often public, medium, do youth internalize these behaviors, impacting dating violence overall? Adolescent Electronic Media Use Adolescents access to and use of electronic media devices have grown markedly in the past decade (Lenhart, Anderson). Ninety-five % of youth ages 13-17 possess or can access a smart phone (Anderson 2018) compared with just 23% who reported smart phone ownership in 2011 (Lenhart 2012). Nearly half (45%) report being almost constantly online (Anderson, 2018). Electronic communications such as texting and social media sites dominate youth interactions compared to face-to-face or voice phone calls (need citation!) and can have several important consequences. Teens near constant availability on line has created a new normal around personal boundaries, where it is common to know friends whereabouts and activities. As far back as 2011, 18% of teens shared their locations with friends (Lenhart). Some have argued that this constant surveillance can erode personal boundaries, and make teens more vulnerable to harmful relationship patterns in the future (King-Ries). The erasure of personal boundaries may include sharing of passwords as an indication of trust among dating partners (Baker). In addition, social media has enabled larger social networks which may, to some extent, dehumanize social exchanges (Subra). Adolescents are at a time in life where they are starting to experiment with courtship, and media exposure may leave an especially strong impression which they carry to their dating lives (Maganello). As teens more frequently access electronic media for communication (Lenhart 2012) or entertainment (Anderson, 2018) through their own mobile devices, there may be less opportunity for intervention and oversight by parents, who may not understand the complexities of this new form of communication (Subramanyam). Todays youth are the trail blazers for electronic communications and therefore may have no one other than their peers to model behavior (citation). Electronic Media Use and Abuse in Teen Dating Drauker et al. (2010) identify eight ways in which electronic communications are used in adolescent romantic relationships: starting a new liaison, getting to know someone met offline; regular communications between the dating partners; arguments (though these were generally done verbally); surveilling or controlling a partners activities; psychological and verbal abuse; reaching out for assistance during a violent encounter; blocking partners attempts to communicate; and, dispute resolution/reunion. This paper defines cyber dating abuse as 4) surveillance and, 5) psychological and verbal abuse. Several studies have examined electronic medias role as a vector or facilitator of teen cyber dating abuse (Druaker, Baker, Zweig). Because electronic media allows for remote communication, it allows for perpetrators to harass or stalk their victims even when they are not together (Zweig). In the Zweig study (year) cited above, among the 26% of teens who were victims of cyber dating abuse, the most commonly reported form (9%) was use of a partners account without permission. This was followed by unwanted texts and emails soliciting sex (7%); pressure to transmit nude photos (7%); and the receipt of threatening text messages or emails (6%). Electronic media use in the surveillance of dating partners communications and activities is also cited in the literature on cyber dating abuse (Baker, Drauker). Electronic media use in dating is commonly cited as the cause of jealousy in dating relationships, which in turn give rise to additional conflict (Baker and others). In fact, electronic media is seen by some as a means to intensify jealousy, leading to greater conflict than in traditional dating (Baker). Examples include a dating partner not changing their status to taken on a social media site, or even when the status is changed to taken, potential partners continuing to reach out. Other examples included boys carrying pictures of other girls on their mobile devices, having an ex-boyfriend or girlfriend as a Facebook friend, or a partners delayed responses (Baker). Peers often aggravate conflicts (Baker) thereby normalizing: Prevalence Electronic media as a vector-what CDV looks like Electronic violence and associations with later violence Scraps Anderson report retrieved from https://www.pewinternet.org/2018/05/31/teens-social-media-technology-2018/ Females experienced greater rates of victimization than males, with 15% the recipients sexual cyber dating abuse and 23% of non-sexual cyber dating abuse. Media impacts behavior SM impacts dynamics of teen behavior, normalization of cyber abuse Rise of new form of violence-cyber dating violence SLT-teens internalize this and this impacts future relationship behavior Does this lead to ipv in longer term? (include assoc between peer dating violence and own violence)

Hybrid System for Automobiles Free Essays

As you will well appreciate, the issue of hybrid automobile systems has gained increased prominence in the recent past. This is as a result of the drawbacks associated with the conventional automobile systems currently in use and the potential benefits that hybrid systems can offer. At present, our company, like many automobile manufacturers, produces vehicles that run on the conventional internal combustion engine. We will write a custom essay sample on Hybrid System for Automobiles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since this involves the combustion of fossil-based fuels such as gasoline and diesel, it is associated with the emission of noxious gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and waste hydrocarbons that significantly compound the problem of global warming in addition to increasing the risk of heart, lung, respiratory and eye illnesses. Fossil fuels are also manufactured from oil, which has recently been the subject of steep price hikes that affected many motorists. Hybrid systems are not only cleaner but also incur cheaper operational costs. They would give our company an opportunity to demonstrate its social responsibility and commitment to the environment and generate positive PR spin offs for it. It would also help the firm generate more sales revenues and to maximize its profits. Towards this end, I have prepared a proposal that seeks to design, develop, and implement an automobile hybrid system to be incorporated into our vehicles. Given the time schedule, reliability, schedule visibility, clarity of technology and user requirements associated with the development of the proposed system, we propose to use a throwaway prototyping model, a type of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC). The entire project is expected to take one year, and will involve experts drawn from the different functional areas of the organization as well as outside consultants. Other resource requirements will include finances to purchase raw materials and modify existing production facilities. Given the unmistakable benefits that the hybrid automobile system offers, there is no doubt that the benefits that our company will reap from its implementation will outweigh the costs by far. I will be glad to clarify or discuss with you any issues appertaining. Thank you. How to cite Hybrid System for Automobiles, Papers

Comparison Between the Great Gatsby and Ebb Sonnets free essay sample

Comparison Between the Great Gatsby and Ebb Sonnets BY oliverl 12 A deeper understanding of aspirations and identity emerges from considering the parallels between the Great Gatsby and Brownings poetry. Compare how these texts explore aspirations and identity? Both the texts The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Sonnets from the Portuguese by Elizabeth Barrett Browning explore the ideas of aspirations and identity developing a deeper understanding of the texts. Both texts share these ideas through the characters and the values of idealism and hope, and personal voice and dentity. Although the two texts are separated in time and context, they both reflect the world of the text and composer. Sonnets from the Portuguese was written during the 19th Century in the period known as the Victorian era. This was a period where the role of women was very limited and their position was within the home. This era is commonly associated with a society that was staid and conservative. The sequence appropriates the male voice and shifts it to a feminine voice, communicating the love story between Elizabeth and Robert Browning. The poems are intensely personal, exploring the power of love, the absence of love and making sense of the turbulent emotions involved with love. Brownings sonnets emphasize a type of idealized love, one that she hopes and dreams of. A love that is not ordinary, that is not based on physical appearance or on a feeling of pity or concern but for loves sake only through loves eternity (Sonnet 14). This personified statement of which she repeats continually throughout the sonnet emphasizes her demands which seem extremely idealistic and hard to meet. The sonnets explore the idea that she has never experienced love, and has only read about it, hence the discussion of Theocritus and the antique tongue in Sonnet 1, specifically love in its idealistic and dreamt state. This demonstrates how this text explores the idea of aspirations. Browning continues through her sonnets to attempt to explain what type of love she hopes and dreams for. Her hope of ideal love is something that can fulfill her completely, it is so special to her that it can hardly be repeated O love, thy words ave ill availed If, what this said, I dared repeat at last (Sonnet 28). She continues to list her idealized love in Sonnets 43 and 14, stating that love should be pure as men turn from praise, a love which people endure because it is right and correct. She again through imagery demands the purity of genuine love that can grow through time and endure on, through loves eternity. This clearly explores the idea of aspirations, hope and idealism within the sonnet sequence. The Sonnet sequence also involves the idea of identity with Barrett Browning coming ritten by Barrett Browning thus providing a personal voice to the sonnets allowing a portrayal of the sequence of events of her personal identity and expression of love. Throughout the sonnet sequence Browning develops a stronger sense and realisation of her love for Robert, hence shaping her identity. By sonnet 43 a series of elements introduced by the simple phrase l love thee where the repetition intensifies the affirmation, she declares that her love is free and pure and possesses passion. Most importantly Browning now holds a sense of identity as she has chieved her idealized type of love. The Great Gatsby was written in the early 20th Century during the period known as the Roaring Twenties or the Jazz age. It was a time where money was spent extravagantly on having a good time, but more commonly it was a period of social upheaval, a time of changing values when the roles that people had played for so many years were simply abandoned. The character Gatsbys cars, lavish parties, reckless conduct and carelessness is all part of this atmosphere of enjoyment in the context of the 1920s. Like Browning, Gatsby also shares similar aspirations, also longing for an ideal type of love that is not ordinary. But Gatsbys idea of love is simply to recreate the past that he had with Daisy, whereas Browning explains the type of love she demands at length. Nick, the narrator describes Gatsby as a dreamer, a man who believes in the love he creates in his imagination an ideal world with his ideal woman Daisy, and then attempts to live out the fantasy in reality. His love for Daisy is pure but obsessive, primarily based on the relationship that he had with her 5 years ago committing himself to the following of a grail. Nick the narrator states that Daisy vanished into her rich house, into her rich, full life, leaving Gatsby†nothing. He felt married to her that was all. Nick seems to be implying that Daisy appears to be incapable of possessing real love. She contributes nothing to the relationship and will always return to Tom her husband, despite Gatsbys greater, genuine love for her. Gatsbys relationship with daisy does not ever really start and in the end he meets a violent death because of his hope. This clearly explores the idea of aspirations in the ext. Like Brownings sonnets, The Great Gatsby also involves the idea of identity, through the characters Gatsby and Daisy, but more as an illusion and unrealistic. This idea of a missing identity is evident in Chapter 1 when Nick describes Gatsbys mansion being only a replica ofa real castle it was a factual imitation of some hotel de ville in Normandy, with a tower on one side, spanking new under a think beard of raw iW. Gatsby tries to give the impression that his wealth is inherited but in reality everything about Gatsby is an illusion. Similar to Gatsby is Daisy. Nick writes her face was sad and lonely. Her happiness is an illusion. For all her wealth and comfort, true love is still missing. Both Gatsby and Daisy are literally missing an identity, living an illusion. This text clearly explores the ideas of both aspirations and identity in similar context to Barrett Brownings sonnets. Elizabeth Barrett Browning share and explore ideas of aspirations and identity. Their comparison of context, characters and themes provides a deeper understanding of the ideas represented in the two texts. Word count: 1054

Use the search term narrative to display these e Essay Example For Students

Use the search term narrative to display these e Essay ssays. Personal Narrative Reflection Recollection EssaysThe essays you are searching for are also know as Narrative Essays, Personal Narrative Essays, Reflection Essays, Personal Reflection Essays, Recollection Essays, Personal Recollection Essays, Reflective Essays, and Personal Reflective Essays among other names. We classify all of these essays as Narrative essays. Therfore, you should use the search term narrative to display these essays. We will write a custom essay on Use the search term narrative to display these e specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Two Friends with Different Lifestyles Essays

Two Friends with Different Lifestyles Essays Two Friends with Different Lifestyles Paper Two Friends with Different Lifestyles Paper Two Friends with different life-styles Cecilia Vega Everest Online Composition I – (ENC1101-9)/ Instructor McClure Two friends with different life-styles When I asked, â€Å"What is a life-style? † People have different opinionated-response: it is the way that you live; to leisure activities with friends, habits, work, interest and opinions. In 2009 Dr. Jeffery Cherubini stated that there are three different paths to pursuit you happiness: The pleasant life, the engaged life and meaningful life (Jacobs, 2011). Friends are someone who you would trust, have common habits and interests, share opinions and enjoy leisure activities; it is a companionship between two people. When you put two friends together, there will always be the different life-styles among them. Seven years from yesterday, I met a friend who has made the term opposites attract really come to life! Tiffany is 24 and I am 27; she has two kids, and I am pregnant with my first one. I am from a military family; and traveled quit often on the other hand Tiffany grew up in a small town, south of the Mississippi border. I work a minimum of 40 hours week and Tiffany is a stay at home mother. I have two incomes in my house and Tiffany has one income. Tiffany has a fiance and I am married. â€Å"There is a difference between being married and single friends. Some of my friends that are single are up for hitting the towns’ night life. Whereas, the married friends that I have are busy at home with their busy families† (Cheryl, 2011) I was raised to respect my elders or those who are older then me. Tiffany is polite but rude at the same time. I do stick-up for myself but I feel that my life just isnt worth fighting with someone whereas Tiffany doesn’t put up with nobodies stink! I am child number three out of four and Tiffany is the oldest out of three. I am extremly close with all my family and Tiffany runs them over like road kill. I am seen her fight with her family and call them names. If that was me, my father would have jacked me up for the lack of respect. Tiffany was a wild child growing up; I was into school and sports. I set goals for myself so that I don’t get let down and Tiffany nevery ccomplishes anything that she starts. Necessities of life are essential that are required for you to live on a daily basis. According to the â€Å"Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs† the bare necessities are: food, water, oxygen, sleep, and other simple bodily functions (Ruud, Copyright 2011). Tiffany and I have a different meaning of necessities of life. I like to save just about every penny opposed to Tiffany spending everything she has. I mean don’t get me wrong, I like to go shopping for my husband and I; but I try to only but what we need at that moment. I like to have a little room for play, just incase I want to take a trip whereas Tiffany has to give herself a months notice so that she can save up for the trip, to include spending money. I like to go grocery shopping every week and she goes like twice a week; I feel like she spends twice as much instead of doing one big trip. Parenting is not the easiest task in the world; it could be very complex and strinous some times. Kendra Cherry say â€Å"There are four inportant dimensions of parenting: (a) disciplinary strategies, (b) warmth and nurturance, (c) cummunication styles, and (d) expectations of maturity and control (Cherry, Copyright 2011). Tiffany has a tendency to yell and curse at her children and I do not plan to do that. Tiffany raises her hands to her childer and treatens them while I plan to use the disciplinary strategies to the fullest. I am a very calm person and Tiffany is consitanly being loud. I have yet had the heart to tell her that I don’t agree with home she talks to her childern. I almost feel like they are little slaves to her becking call. But there again parenting is a challenge so bring it on!! Even though everyone is different, a friendship is about trust, befriending someone; when two friends colide, you are always going to have the different lifestyles. Tiffany and I don’t get to hang out much because of our different lifestyles, but when we get that special time together; it is always cherished. Tiffany and I are complete oppisets of each other. She is a party-goer and I am a home body. She has a lived-in house and I am a neat freak. So the question is: How do two oppisets attract? References Cherry, K. (Copyright 2011). Parenting Styles The Four Styles of Parenting. Retrieved 12 3, 2011, from About. com: http://psychology. about. com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/parenting-style. htm Cheryl. (2011). Family Life vs. Single life. Retrieved 11 24, 2011, from HubsPage. Jacobs, O. (2011, June 14). What is the meaning of lifestyle? Retrieved December 3, 2011, from livestrong: livestrong. com/article/290197-what-is-the-meaning-of-lifestyle/ Ruud, M. (Copyright 2011). Maslows Hierarchy of Human Needs 87. Retrieved 12 3, 2011, from HubPages: http://maddieruud. hubpages. com/hub/Hierarchy_of_Needs

Art Therapy Literature Review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Art Therapy Literature Review - Research Paper Example a conscious level, the application of art therapy principles allows the therapist to assess these emotions, feelings, attitudes and behaviors accordingly (Dryden et al. 1992). In order to execute the recommendations of art therapy, therapists are equipped with several skills and expertise which permit them to establish a link between the areas of art and therapy for the benefit of the creator. The key abilities of art therapists however, encompass a comprehensive understanding of the processes that are involved in art. These abilities involve expertise in the realm of symbolic communication and the ability to maintain an environment where patients feel secure and protected. This sense of security encourages them to convey powerful feelings and emotions that might remain sheltered in a dissimilar situation (Dryden et al. 1992). Many individuals who have little knowledge of the conceptual and ideological basis of art therapy often establish a strong correlation between the therapeutic dimensions of art, Dryden et al. (1992) outline that these benchmarks do not play a critical role in the achievement of the objectives of art therapy. Within this model, the notion of art transcends artistic appeal and visual mastery for it is the â€Å"†¦expression and condensation of unconscious feelings that art making engenders are at the heart of the therapeutic transaction† (Dryden et al. 1992, p. 4). Perhaps, the definition of art therapy which truly reflects recent advancements in the field has been framed by professionals who belong to the area of work. Dryden et al. (1992) state that once viewed as a systematic process, art therapy can be assessed as a type of therapy in which patients are encouraged to create visual images such as paintings or sketches. These images are created under the attendance of a qualified art therapist who assists the externalization of those feelings and emotions which would have been inhibited normally. The literature that has been critically

Improvement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Improvement - Research Paper Example Patient service quality is therefore equivalent to the traditional customer satisfaction model, which has been used in the business environment for a lot of years now. There are a lot of factors that can trigger improved patient service quality, including the language in which oral and written instructions given to patient are delivered. Because patients do not have the professional knowhow to quantify what makes up a high quality service to them, they would normally look at signs that they experience in their body as part of their recovery. It would be noted however that radiology procedures only set the tone for other medical and surgical procedures to continue (Kaufman et al., 2010). With this noted, it can be said that patient service quality will be linked to the outcome of the whole medical procedure that the patient is taken through. What this means is that the patient must be put in a position to understand the role they can play in making the whole medical procedural outcome a successful one (Filler, 2010). But in a situation where instructions are written or spoken to the patient in a language they cannot understand, they will never know the actual part they are expected to play. In such a situation, they may not experience the overall improvement and may therefore not regard the radiology procedure as being quality. In radiology, the quality of images produced is very important for medical and surgical decision making (Bastable, 2008). Already, the healthcare system will be noted to be a shared responsibility, requiring all stakeholders to bring their individual expertise together to form a collective consultative program agenda. The part of the radiology in this quest is to ensure that the best of images that can make doctors and other physicians take decisions on patients is produced. There are actually records of wrong medical and surgical decisions that have been taken because of poor quality of image after imaging procedure

Types of organizational structure

Types of organizational structure What is the definition of an organization? Is a social unit of people that is structured and managed to meet a need or to pursue collective goals. All organizations have a management structure that determines relationships between the different activities and the members, and subdivides and assigns roles, responsibilities, and authority to carry out different tasks. Organizations are open systems they affect and are affected by their environment. A business organization is an individual or group of people that collaborate to achieve certain commercial goals. Some business organizations are formed to earn income for owners. Other business organizations, called nonprofits, are formed for public purposes. These businesses often raise money and utilize other resources to provide or support public programs. The term business organization refers to how a business is structured. The business organization is defined in the bylaws when the business is formed with the name and contact information of those who own and run the company with their roles defined. The bylaws state the purpose of the organization and what it does. A sole proprietorship does not have bylaws because one person owns and controls the business. What is an organizational structure? Is the typically hierarchical arrangement of lines of authority, communications, right and duties of an organisation. Organisational structure determines how the roles, power and responsibilities are assigned, controlled, and coordinated, and how information flows between the different levels of management. A structure depends on the organisations objectives and strategy. In a centralized structure, the top layer of management has most of the decision making power and has tight control over departments and divisions. In a decentralized structure, the decision making power is distributed and the departments and divisions may have different degrees of independence. A company such as Proctor and Gamble that sells multiple products may organize their structure so that groups are divided according to each product and depending on geographical area as well. Organizational structure is a system used to define a hierarchy within an organization. It identifies each job, its function and where it reports to within the organization. This structure is developed to establish how an organization operates and assists an organization in obtaining its goals to allow for future growth. The structure is illustrated using an organizational chart. There are two types of Organizational structure. Formal Structure which is the organisation of business that hierarchical the nature. For a company, formal structure can be found on its organisational chart that includes the staff names and their official job titles. It is easy to understand and to the point is unlike the long drawn out definitions while reading, one do forgets the previous sentence after moving to the next. The other defines the term in its crudest form. A formal organisation structure shows a recognisable chain of command, it also has many levels of management. This makes communication slower and decision making harder to implement. Informal structure Informal structure consists of the social structure of an organisation. It includes the corporate culture, behaviour interactions and social connections which occur within an organisation. Many organisation have a formal, written structure, and a more informal, cultural structure. A good advantage for the informal structure is, it evolves constantly. And it can easily respond quickly in a changing situation. An informal structure is much more relaxed, with very few levels of management. This makes communication much easier between levels and decisions and made faster. Centralization Decentralization Centralization is said to be a process where the concentration of decision making is in a few hands. All the important decision and actions at the lower level, all subjects and actions at the lower level are subject to the approval of top management. According to Allen, Centralization is the systematic and consistent reservation of authority at central points in the organization. For example Company A is run by Stephen Clarkson B. Delgado. Company A is being controlled by a centralized or a top level superior; this is an example of an centralized organization. The implication of centralization can be: Reservation of decision making power at top level. Reservation of operating authority with the middle level managers. Reservation of operation at lower level at the directions of the top level Decentralization is a systematic delegation of authority at all levels of management and in all of the organization. In a decentralization concern, authority in retained by the top management for taking major decisions and framing policies concerning the whole concern. Rest of the authority may be delegated to the middle level and lower level of management. Decentralization is the distributing power and decision making among different people, departments, or locations within an organization. For example, a national retail chain may allow its store managers to make decisions on the merchandise that will be carried in their particular stores. Some benefits decentralization would include decisions are made by those who have the most knowledge about local conditions greater managerial input in decision- making has a desirable motivational effect managers have more control over results Business Structures As a government has different types of organization, Organisations have a formal structure which is the way that the organisation is organised by those with responsibility for managing the organisation. They create the formal structures that enable the organisation to meet its stated objectives. Often these formal structures will be set out on paper in the form of organisational charts. However, in the course of time an informal structure develops in most organisations which is based on the reality of day-to-day interactions between the members of the organisation. This informal structure may be different from that which is set out on paper. Informal structures develop because: people find new ways of doing things which they find easier and save them time patterns of interaction are shaped by friendship groups and other relationships people forget what the formal structures are It is easier to work with informal structures. Sometimes the informal structure may conflict with the formal one. Where this is the case the organisation may become less efficient at meeting its stated objectives. However, in some cases the informal structure may prove to be more efficient at meeting organisational objectives because the formal structure was badly set out. There are two types of Organizational structures Tall Structures Tall organizational structure is one which has many levels of hierarchy. In these organizations, there are usually many managers, and each manager has a small span of control they are in charge of only a small group of people. Tall structures tend to be more complicated and complex, and may be slower to respond to market changes than organizations where managers have a larger span of control. Tall structure has many levels of management and its supervision. Long chain of command is one of it. It means, running from the top of an organisation. The advantage of tall structure is clear management structure, narrow span of control, the function of each layer will be clear and distinct, and a clear progression. Pros and Cons of tall structure The pros of tall structures lie in clarity and managerial control. The narrow span of control allows for close supervision of employees. Tall structures provide a clear, distinct layer with obvious lines of responsibility and control and a clear promotion structure. Challenges begin when a structure gets too tall. Communication begins to take too long to travel through all the levels. These communication problems hamper decision-making and hinder progress. Flat Structures Flat structures have fewer management levels, with each level controlling a broad area or group. Flat organizations focus on empowering employees rather than adhering to the chain of command. By encouraging autonomy and self-direction, flat structures attempt to tap into employees creative talents and to solve problems by collaboration. Pros and cons of flat structure Flat organizations offer more opportunities for employees to excel while promoting the larger business vision. That is, there are more people at the top of each level. For flat structures to work, leaders must share research and information instead of hoarding it. If they can manage to be open, tolerant and even vulnerable, leaders excel in this environment. Flatter structures are flexible and better able to adapt to changes. Faster communication makes for quicker decisions, but managers may end up with a heavier workload. Instead of the military style of tall structures, flat organizations lean toward a more democratic style. The heavy managerial workload and large number of employees reporting to each boss sometimes results in confusion over roles. Bosses must be team leaders who generate ideas and help others make decisions. When too many people report to a single manager, his job becomes impossible. Employees often worry that others manipulate the system behind their backs by rep orting to the boss; in a flat organization, that means more employees distrusting higher levels of authority. Diagram of Tall and Flat Structure Tall structure http://www.emeraldinsight.com/content_images/fig/0291020503007.png Diagram 1: Tall structure By: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/content_images/fig/0291020503007.png Flat structure http://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-UYB474BaaCY/Te0Hxo459jI/AAAAAAAAE1k/3gIGD7S0614/Flat-Organisation-Structure-Advantages-Disadvantages.jpg Diagram 2: Flat structure By: http://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-UYB474BaaCY/Te0Hxo459jI/AAAAAAAAE1k/3gIGD7S0614/Flat-Organisation-Structure-Advantages-Disadvantages.jpg Span of control Span of control is the term now used more commonly in business management, particularly human resource management. Span of control refers to the number of subordinates a supervisor has. In a business of more than one person, unless the business has equal partners, then there are managers and subordinates. Subordinates are workers controlled by the manager. A hierarchy describes the structure of the management of the business, from the top of the company the managing director, through to the shop floor worker, who reports to their foreman, in a manufacturing business. The hierarchy of a business is usually best understood by drawing an organisation chart showing which levels of management and employees report to whom. An example of a hierarchy is shown in the diagram below: http://www.tutor2u.net/business/gcse/organisation_public_sector_clip_image002.jpg Diagram 3: Span of control Created by: http://www.tutor2u.net/business/gcse/organisation_span_of_control.htm The advantages of a narrow span of control are: A narrow span of control allows a manager to communicate quickly with the employees under them and control them more easily Feedback of ideas from the workers will be more effective It requires a higher level of management skill to control a greater number of employees, so there is less management skill required An example of a wide span of control is shown in the diagram to the right:http://www.tutor2u.net/business/gcse/organisation_public_sector_clip_image004.gif Diagram 4: Wide span of control By: www.tutor2u.net, (n.d) There are also different types of organizational structure Product Structures An organizational structure is a framework in which companies outline the different responsibilities in their company. A product-based organizational structure separates the company by products, activities, projects or geography. This allows a company to have a particular focus on specific items in its business operations. Organizational structure refers to the different hierarchies or levels in a company. An organizational structure appears as a series of boxes, vertical and horizontal lines. The boxes represent various titles within the organization, and the vertical lines represent to whom that position reports. Horizontal lines show which employees are on the same level. The appearance of an organization structure is usually pyramidal because there are fewer executive-level positions at the top of the company. Advantages and disadvantages: Product-based structures allow companies to remain flexible in the business environment. This allows the company to add or remove structure sections as necessary. However, it can prohibit companies from achieving company-wide goals since each unit operates on its own. product-business-organization-structure.jpg (516ÃÆ'-344) Diagram 5: Product structure By: http://the-business-plan.com/wp-content/uploads/product-business-organization-structure.jpg Geographical structure Organizational structure defines the hierarchy in which an organization will operate. There are many defined types of organizational structure, but some organizations may create their own, or use a combination of several structures to efficiently run business operations. Geographic organizational structure is used for organizations that have offices or business units in different geographic locations. Geographical structure is the firm organized into geographical units (regional, national, international) that report to a central headquarter which administers the core functions such as planning and marketing. example-geographic-org-chart.jpg (600ÃÆ'-159) Diagram 6: Geographical Structure By: http://thethrivingsmallbusiness.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/example-geographic-org-chart.jpg Function The term organizational structure refers to how the people in an organization are grouped and to whom they report. One traditional way of organizing people is by function. Some common functions within an organization include production, marketing, human resources and accounting. The classic organizational structure where the employees are grouped hierarchically, managed through clear lines of authority, and report ultimately to one top person. Advantages Some advantages of a functional organization are that the lines of command are clear. Individuals specialize and departments tend to develop common knowledge across the group. There may be an advantage to individuals in that career paths can be fairly easily defined. Disadvantages Disadvantages of the functional organization include poor communication across groups and slow response to changes in the environment. Too much work may be referred upward due to the lack of decision making authority, and serious problems can ensue when groups develop a narrow perspective. http://thethrivingsmallbusiness.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/example-functional-org-chart-jpg.jpg Diagram 7: Function Structure By: http://thethrivingsmallbusiness.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/example-functional-org-chart-jpg.jpg Multi divisional Companies use organizational structures to characterize their hierarchical and reporting structures. The organizational structure shows the superior-subordinate equations in the organization. A multi-divisional organizational structure is used by large organizations. Here, the scale of operations is very large; hence the number of employees is also very enormous. The company divides all of its strategic functions into departments. All these departments do their share of the allocated work, and all the work is later collated as the organizational tasks. According to the Human Resource Management Guide, a multidivisional organizational structure consists of self-contained units that operate as their own separate entity. For example, Procter and Gamble owns multiple national brand names and creates a self-contained business model and organizational structure for each product. Each brand is given its own corporate identity, leadership and organizational design. Advantages A multidivisional organizational structure promotes motivation among team members because of the performance/reward connection. This structure makes it easy for leadership in the organisation to maintain keen oversight and reward those who perform well. The service provided to customers meets their needs more appropriately because leadership and employees work more closely with customers. There is also clear identity and purpose in this structure that increases team member loyalty, dedication and satisfaction. Disadvantages A multidivisional organizational structure does have some disadvantages. The disadvantages deal directly with external relationships. Although the department itself is very close and possesses a defined identity and purpose, communication between departments can be difficult. Conflict between departments is common due to competition and differences in values, systems and expectations. This structure also costs more to operate and manage because each division is considered its own entity. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/content_images/fig/0410130305001.png Diagram 8: Multidivisional diagram By: http://www.emeraldinsight.com Matrix Matrix structure is defined as a type of management system in which workers report to more than one person, effectively having two or more supervisors at the same time. This can be illustrated by the example of a project environment, where professionals with different types of expertise are brought together to work on a projects. They report to a number of managers of different projects, as well as to a functional supervisor. The idea is to share knowledge and personnel to maximize effectiveness. The matrix structure is an organizational design that groups employees by both function and product. The organizational structure is very flat, and the structure of the matrix is differentiated into whatever functions are needed to accomplish certain goals. Each functional worker usually reports to the functional heads, but do not normally work directly under their supervision. Instead, the worker is controlled by the membership of a certain project, and each functional worker usually works under the supervision of a project manager. This way, each worker has two superiors, who will jointly ensure the progress of the project. The functional head may be more interested in developing the most exiting products or technologies, whereas the project manager may be more concerned with keeping deadlines and controlling product costs. Advantages The cross functional teams of a matrix structure reduce the functional barriers between departments, and increase the integration of functions. Matrix structures open up for communication, and may provide an opportunity for team members to learn from each other thus distributing valuable knowledge laterally within the organization. The matrix structure makes it possible to assign specialized resources to projects when needed. Disadvantages A matrix structure lacks the effectiveness of bureaucracy, and will potentially not work if the organization does not need to react swiftly to changes The flat hierarchy may be the cause of conflict, and different stakeholders may pursue entirely different goals. The great focus on integration between functional areas requires a great amount of lateral communication, and it may require great resources to get information distributed efficiently between team members. As said before, the use of a matrix structure seems more feasible for organizations operating in business environments characterized by change, dynamism and uncertainty. This could e.g. be organizations operating in high-tech industries such as computing or telecommunication http://thethrivingsmallbusiness.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Example-Matrix-Organization-Chart-jpg.jpg Diagram 9: Matrix Diagram By: http://thethrivingsmallbusiness.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Example-Matrix-Organization-Chart-jpg.jpg Definition of Culture Is the values and behaviours that contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organization. Organizational culture includes an organizations expectations, experiences, philosophy, and values that hold it together, and is expressed in its self-image, inner workings, interactions with the outside world, and future expectations. It is based on shared attitudes, beliefs, customs, and written and unwritten rules that have been developed over time and are considered valid. Also called corporate culture. Company culture is the personality of a company and defines what a company, from an employee perspective, is like to work for. Company culture includes the company mission, values, ethics, expectations, goals, and work environment. Whether written as a mission statement, spoken or merely understood, corporate culture describes and governs the ways a companys owners and employees think, feel and act. Your own businesss culture may be based on beliefs spelled out in yo ur mission statement. It could consist in part of a corporate symbol, like the rainbow-colored apple that symbolizes Apple Computer. Whatever shape it takes, your corporate culture plays a big role in determining how well your business will do. There are four types of cultures: Power Is one based on the dominance of one or a small number of individuals within an organisation. They make the key decisions for the organisation. This sort of power culture may exist in a small business or part of a larger business. There are some organizations where the power remains in the hands of only few people and only they are authorized to take decisions. They are the ones who enjoy special privileges at the workplace. They are the most important people at the workplace and are the major decision makers. These individuals further delegate responsibilities to the other employees. In such a culture the subordinates have no option but to strictly follow their superiors instructions. The employees do not have the liberty to express their views or share their ideas on an open forum and have to follow what their superior says. The managers in such a type of culture sometimes can be partial to someone or the other leading to major unrest among others. Role Exists in large hierarchical organisations in which individuals have clear roles (jobs) to perform which are closely specified. Individuals tend to work closely to their job description, and tend to follow the rules rather than to operate in a creative way. Role culture is a culture where every employee is delegated roles and responsibilities according to his specialization, educational qualification and interest to extract the best out of him. In such a culture employees decide what best they can do and willingly accept the challenge. Every individual is accountable for something or the other and has to take ownership of the work assigned to him. Power comes with responsibility in such a work culture. Task Exists when teams are formed to complete particular tasks. A distinct team culture develops, and because the team is empowered to make decisions, task cultures can be creative. Organizations where teams are formed to achieve the targets or solve critical problems follow the task culture. In such organizations individuals with common interests and specializations come together to form a team. There are generally four to five members in each team. In such a culture every team member has to contribute equally and accomplish tasks in the most innovative way. Person There are certain organizations where the employees feel that they are more important than their organization. Such organizations follow a culture known as person culture. In a person culture, individuals are more concerned about their own self rather than the organization. The organization in such a culture takes a back seat and eventually suffers. Employees just come to the office for the sake of money and never get attached to it. They are seldom loyal towards the management and never decide in favour of the organization. One should always remember that organization comes first and everything else later. There are certain organizations where the employees feel that they are more important than their organization. Such organizations follow a culture known as person culture. In a person culture, individuals are more concerned about their own self rather than the organization. The organization in such a culture takes a back seat and eventually suffers. Employees just come to the offi ce for the sake of money and never get attached to it. They are seldom loyal towards the management and never decide in favour of the organization. One should always remember that organization comes first and everything else later. Task 2 Explain how the relationship between an organisations structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business All businesses have Business organization has structures and cultures that have been followed to apply great impact on the productivity of their business. These organizations could have applied either a product structure, Multi-dimensional, Matrix structure etc. And have followed a power type culture or person type culture and so on. Each of these has its own effect and impact on their business. These structures and cultures play an important role of setting the definition of an company, setting their goals and how they could organize its members to meet their goals As The behaviours and beliefs characteristic of a workplace are its culture. The culture and structure of an organization affect one another. A structure appropriate to the organization helps to develop a healthy culture. In companies with rigid structures, communication tends to follow reporting lines. In companies with flatter structures, communication may occur more easily across departments. Studies have found a relationship between job satisfaction and organizational structure. Organizations with flatter structures may foster more feelings of self-actualization and create less anxiety in employees. Relationships with customers may suffer if departmental relationships cause the customer difficulty in getting problems addressed. Multi-functional teams that can answer a customers questions and resolve issues have a positive effect on customer satisfaction. Organizational structure impacts the success of a companys projects. If project personnel also perform routine operational work , it may be difficult for them to focus on projects and meet schedules. If the flow of information across departments is difficult, it may affect ability to share resources effectively. Task 3 Look at the factors associated with individual behaviour and discuss how they influence an individuals behaviour at work. Each individuals work has its own effects on organizations. There are many factors on how individual or group goals have affected an organization. These goals could also be the life force of the performance both could be positive or negative depending on how the scenario goes. Either way all these factors are important as a single employees goals and ambition could lead any organization to success if in proper standing and worked on accordingly. Collective goals These are goals that are collected or shared by individual to form a same goal coming from the same ideology. For instance a basketball teams belief in practicing and training other people with the game or making basketball more accessible to others, this could lead their team to complete objectives like win in an inter-basketball tournament, gaining new players and earning more money. Or to simply fulfil the need of its members to gather more players to gain more company and improve their basketball abilities. Within these goals there are many different types of goals as it is shown Ideological Goal, These are the goals or objective that has a connection with an individuals belief and values. These Goals usually are the inspiration of what an individual have for example. An Archery clubs mission or ideological goal is to share to other people their own knowledge of archery. Formal Goals are goals set by an dominant individual, These goals are usually organizational based goals that is set by a higher supremacy. These goals move an organization on how that individual or owner wants his organizations to be. Shares personal goals are goals pursued when the individual members agree and collide with their own individual ideas as missions. These are the goals shared by all individuals of a group to form one centralized mission where they can all complete as a group. Controlled performance Every organization needs to take responsibility to its owners and other stakeholders for the achievement of its collective goals. These goals cannot simple move on its own and needs to be moulded step by step being controlled accordingly so that to ensure the success of their goals and missions. This ensures that All goals whether ideological, formal, or shared personal goals are understood by all members The necessary resources are secures and utilised in such a way that goals will be reached without undue risk, disruption or waste They can tell whether, or to what extent they have reached their goals. This is why all organizations has a centralized management, to ensure that the employees who are working on these goals and mission carry out their individual tasks positively and with no mistake to avoid negative backlashes and effects.

Middle Childhood and Adolescence Paper Essay

The change that occurs from middle childhood to adolescence is arguably one of the most profound changes that children go through. Not only do children change physically but emotionally. â€Å"Adolescence is the transitional period between late childhood and the beginning of adulthood, and marks the beginning of the reproductive lifespan in humans. Adolescence involves sexual maturity in terms of hormones and physical development of the body, and is also characterized by an increase in the complexity of group interactions and thus social behavior (Lerner and Steinberg, 2004)†. During this time of transition many develop a stronger sense of self and begin to separate from completely associated themselves with their family members. This is a completely normal stage of transition for children turning into adolescents and becoming a vital part of a larger community. Family Dynamics There are many ways a child’s upbringing can affect how they mature into adults. A primary aspect taken into consideration is the family dynamic in which a child is raised. In many cases a child with a family that is well structured, has sound moral characteristics, and provides a stable environment is more likely to be a successful member of society. Whereas a child who has a family that is dysfunctional is less likely to be in a healthy environment emotionally or physically. For example, â€Å"Recent research has suggested that the family plays an important role in depressive disorders (Keitner & Miller, 1990; Keitner, Miller, Epstein, & Bishop, 1990). More specifically, research has demonstrated that families of depressed patients manifest significant impairments in family functioning during the patient’s acute episode relative to control families (Crowther, 1985; Dobson, 1987; Keitner, Miller, Epstein, & Bishop, 1986) with 50%–75% of families of depressed patients manifesting significant family dysfunction.†(Miller, I. W., Keitner, G. I., Whisman, M. A., Ryan, C. E.,  Epstein, N. B., & Bishop, D. S. ,1992). A dysfunctional family can become a catalyst for many undesirable emotional attributes and or physical reactions that can occur after being subjected to higher levels of dysfunction. For example if a child is verbally abused by a parent they may exhibit such behaviors towards their peers to gain some form of control in their life. Peer Influences: From Middle Childhood to Adolescence Peers from middle childhood onto adolescence make a substantial change with age. Many children at a young age learn how to socialize with other children and generally behave well with the collective group. As children grow in age and their hormones develop, they become more aware of their surrounding social group. This can have both negative and positive impacts on development. â€Å"The poor peer relations of aggressive children could make them isolated psychologically or physically from peers, which in turn might result in depressive or disruptive problems.† (Yamasaki, K., & Nishida, N. 2009). Whereas in a healthy peer relation environment a child will be more likely to excel socially and develop a strong sense of individuality amongst those around them. Pressures faced in Adolescence vs. Middle Childhood. During the change from middle childhood to adolescence, children are begin to develop their own identity. They are physically going through major changes. Where sexual differences before adolescence usually played a dividing factor when it comes to social interactions, chemical changes that happen to most adolescent boys or girls bring about a change in interest. Often children begin to think more abstractly during this change instead of just asking why they think of the multiple possibilities. Children going through adolescence are going through body image struggles, boys feel pressured to have to meet â€Å"masculine† standards, whereas girls go through major changes in body image and can feel vulnerable. â€Å"With puberty, normal increases in girls’ body, fat can impact body image and self-concept negatively for many. Both boys and girls might be concerned with skin problems, height, weight, and overall appearance.† (Oregon State University, 2001). Almost all children face this significant change through puberty, which brings on emotional changes as well. It is important to encourage an understanding of healthy body image to boost confidence. Changes in Moral Values from Middle Childhood to  Adolescence During the change from middle childhood to adolescence moral values begin to advance beyond just the understanding of what is right or wrong determined by peers. During middle childhood children think more along the lines of what is fair, and rely on more of a give and take dynamic. With a transition to adolescence children begin to take into account others feelings and their perspective. Also when a child becomes older they come to see â€Å"the bigger picture†, and become influenced by society’s moral standards. â€Å"Increasing ability to take perspective of others into account with own perspective. (Children) Begins to question social conventions and re-examine own values and moral/ethical principles, sometimes resulting in conflicts with parents.†(Oregon State University, 2001). The mind begins to open to understanding different scenarios. This is when most children begin to question their peers and even formulate their own opinions, sometimes that involves changing from having the same ideals as their parents. Conclusion There are many changes that happen during the change from middle childhood to adolescence. Physical changes include changes in bodily image, many children enter into puberty at this time. When children become adolescents they become more involved with their self-image and individuality. Emotional changes begin to happen at this age as well, some attribute it to hormone changes, however cognitive growth also has a lot to do with the change. During this time of change it is important for families to provide helpful guidance without over stepping personal boundaries of young budding adults. Being a supportive family will increase a child’s ability to transition well and become a successful, well-rounded member of society. References Choudhury, S., Blakemore, S., & Charman, T. (2006, December). Social cognitive development during adolescence. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2555426/ Miller, I. W., Keitner, G. I., Whisman, M. A., Ryan, C. E., Epstein, N. B., & Bishop, D. S. (1992). Depressed patients with dysfunctional families: Description and course of illness. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101(4), 637-646. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.101.4.637 Nickerson, A. B., & Nagle, R. J. (2004). The influence of parent and peer attachments on life satisfaction in middle childhood and early adolescence. Social Indicators Research, 66(1-2), 35-60. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:SOCI.0000007496.42095.2c Oregon State University. (2001, January). Middle Childhood and Adolescent Development [Chart]. Retrieved from http://extension.oregonstate.edu/tillamook/sites/default/files/documents/4h/ecno1527.pdf Yamasaki, K., & Nishida, N. (2009). The relationship between three types of aggression and peer relations in elementary school children. International Journal of Psychology, 44(3), 179-186. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207590701656770

Imperialism and 1st World War Essay

The portrayal of the artists is indeed a true picture of the horrors of World War I which cannot be envisioned by just reading accounts of the war as given in different readings. The paintings reveal the disgusting events that will surely put the shivers into the generation of today in realizing the atrocities and soul stirring hardships that were experienced by all those who were part of the war. While the monarchy of the combating countries relaxed and simply gave orders it were the soldiers representing the states that bore the brunt of the chilling circumstances. Soldiers were silent observers in seeing their colleagues butchered in helplessness while they themselves were lucky to come back alive into their trenches unaware of what the next day had in store for them. The medical corps and nurses were always on the alert to receive the dead and grievously wounded soldiers while those who were captured had to submit to the inhuman tortures at the hands of their captors. Several soldiers were maimed in leading a life of revulsion, helpless in leading a life of misery. The onslaught of gas attacks made several soldiers to die in agony while many suffered psychologically in being unable to lead normal lives. The fear of gas attacks was so severe that soldiers had to always move with gas masks in specified territories. There was always a sinister plan underway and it became difficult for the combatants to judge about who friends are and whom to understand as enemies. There was always an ongoing process to build tunnels and infrastructure to face the challenges of enemy attacks in a war that never seemed to end. All who were physically fit could be expected to be called for war duties with little hope of returning alive. The war was extensively destructive as nothing was spared and all means were used to inflict the maximum damages irrespective of the intensity of suffering and loss to life. Human life appeared to have no value nor did the sufferings of the masses for the leaders who gave orders to fight with the sole objective of winning the war. The focus was on winning over the adversaries by whatever means that was possible in using weapons and other means that inflicted maximum loss and suffering. References Discussion, Imperialism and 1st World War, http://dl. bergen. edu/webct/entryPageIns. dowebct

Conjugating the French Verb Rire (to Laugh)

In French, the verb  rire  means to laugh. Its a fun and simple word and, hopefully, youll have plenty of opportunities to use it while studying French. The key to using  rire  properly in sentences is learning the most common conjugations so you can use it in the present, past, and future tenses. This lesson will show you how thats done. The Basic Conjugations of  Rire Rire may be a short word, but its also an irregular verb. This means that it does not follow the same pattern for the infinitive endings as most other French verbs. However, it is similar to sourire (to smile), so you can study the two together to make each a little easier. To start any conjugation, we need to identify the verb stem. In this case, that is simply   ri-. With that, youll add the various endings that match the subject pronoun as well as the tense of the sentence. For example, I am laughing is  je ris  and we laughed is  nous riions. Present Future Imperfect je ris rirai riais tu ris riras riais il rit rira riait nous rions rirons riions vous riez rirez riiez ils rient riront riaient The Present Participle of Rire In French, the  present participle  is most often formed by adding -ant  to the verb stem. Rire  follows this rule to form  riant. Rire  in the Past Tense Rather than use the imperfect to indicate the past tense of laughed, you can use the passà © composà ©. To form it, you will need the auxiliary verb avoir and the very short past participle ri. It is rather easy to construct this common form of the past tense. For example, I laughed is  jai ri  and we were laughing is  nous avons ri. Notice how  avoir  is the only word that needs to be conjugated and that it is in the present tense. This is because the past participle indicates that the action has already happened. More Simple Conjugations of Rire The verb conjugations above are most common, but you may need to know more forms of  rire  as you become more fluent in French. For instance, if theres a doubt as to whether someone is laughing, you can use the subjunctive verb mood. In a similar fashion, if someone wont laugh unless something else happens, use the conditional verb mood. There may also be times when youll encounter either the passà © simple  or  the imperfect subjunctive. These are, however, most often found in formal French, particularly literature. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je rie rirais ris risse tu ries rirais ris risses il rie rirait rit rt nous riions ririons rmes rissions vous riiez ririez rtes rissiez ils rient riraient rirent rissent When you wish to use  rire  in short commands or requests theres no need to include the subject pronoun. This is called  the imperative verb mood  and rather than saying  tu ris, you can simplify it to  ris. Imperative (tu) ris (nous) rions (vous) riez